Brique

Les briques sont des brides historiques ou cartographique aux Imobs, routes, évènements ou et encore aux personnages

0 Points
Cet élément est Neutre

Les points sont ici pour renseigner le lecteur sur la véracité de l'information. Vous trouverez trois icônes.
Les deux premiers permettent de noter en positif ou en négative. Le dernier nommé Alterlike, défini les élements hors contexte ou alternatif.
Pour l'attribution de point alterLike, voir le centre aide à cette page.


Help Icon Aide



Tombes Oumm el-Qa'ab - U - Sémerkhet - Oumm el-Qa'ab Auteur : gregoss24
Sous-Type : Layout
Type : MAP
Ancienne région :
Religion : Egyptien
Période historique : Egypte Période thinite
Date de début : 0 / 0 / -99999
Date de fin : 0 / 0 / 9999
Information Période :
Information:
Réferences :
Site Web :
Auteur : gregoss24
Pertinence et notations : Option 2 0 Option 2 0 Option 2 0 Option 2 25 Cet élément est Neutre --> 0
Make this Notebook Trusted to load map: File -> Trust Notebook
Coordonnées et Valeurs
Coordonnées : [ [ [ [ 31.908020933363165, 26.174332390182737 ], [ 31.908047625891431, 26.174305499214459 ], [ 31.908081052486384, 26.17427506635801 ], [ 31.908190849399855, 26.174165237435137 ], [ 31.908102778588184, 26.174094763870148 ], [ 31.908085828751208, 26.174111740615775 ], [ 31.908066166769213, 26.174095938416276 ], [ 31.908062355428054, 26.174099539339807 ], [ 31.908044033869988, 26.174083734232308 ], [ 31.908023193335946, 26.17410493733945 ], [ 31.908041948392814, 26.174120049802113 ], [ 31.908010861795738, 26.174150595190032 ], [ 31.907990761024713, 26.174133462206303 ], [ 31.907896822446691, 26.17422993808384 ], [ 31.908020933363165, 26.174332390182737 ] ], [ [ 31.908021175389461, 26.174328955341899 ], [ 31.908011199765877, 26.174320692731452 ], [ 31.908020753124525, 26.174310795369507 ], [ 31.908030728747839, 26.174319057978416 ], [ 31.908021175389461, 26.174328955341899 ] ], [ [ 31.90803207754178, 26.174317660615728 ], [ 31.908022101918537, 26.174309398007026 ], [ 31.908033575741751, 26.174297511022342 ], [ 31.908043551364678, 26.1743057736292 ], [ 31.90803207754178, 26.174317660615728 ] ], [ [ 31.908020263473695, 26.174307875259764 ], [ 31.908010022202625, 26.174299392616994 ], [ 31.908020895111214, 26.17428700790845 ], [ 31.90803173729698, 26.174295988275411 ], [ 31.908020263473695, 26.174307875259764 ] ], [ [ 31.908009361321, 26.174319169983857 ], [ 31.907999691024536, 26.17431116026674 ], [ 31.908008744048534, 26.174300848488897 ], [ 31.908018914679698, 26.174309272622189 ], [ 31.908009361321, 26.174319169983857 ] ], [ [ 31.907998047705302, 26.174309799137351 ], [ 31.907986695976515, 26.174300396719019 ], [ 31.907995899621955, 26.174290209699539 ], [ 31.90800710072935, 26.174299487359747 ], [ 31.907998047705302, 26.174309799137351 ] ], [ [ 31.908008378883448, 26.174298031487872 ], [ 31.907999123984744, 26.174290365835013 ], [ 31.908010597808744, 26.174278478854589 ], [ 31.908019251792112, 26.17428564677963 ], [ 31.908008378883448, 26.174298031487872 ] ], [ [ 31.908017120788124, 26.174281699329221 ], [ 31.908021131510758, 26.174276116841735 ], [ 31.908026168099795, 26.174277827979942 ], [ 31.908042982833194, 26.174292331235296 ], [ 31.908037735087831, 26.174297934887811 ], [ 31.908017120788124, 26.174281699329221 ] ], [ [ 31.907998229040487, 26.174289624569951 ], [ 31.907991824060478, 26.17428431944791 ], [ 31.908002877869514, 26.174272084578281 ], [ 31.908009702864515, 26.174277737589687 ], [ 31.907998229040487, 26.174289624569951 ] ], [ [ 31.907994251543652, 26.174288844627927 ], [ 31.907985047898144, 26.174299031647152 ], [ 31.907958641900574, 26.174277160053201 ], [ 31.907968340787889, 26.174267383236842 ], [ 31.907994251543652, 26.174288844627927 ] ], [ [ 31.907990175982391, 26.174282954376253 ], [ 31.907980535285382, 26.174274969169346 ], [ 31.907991589094895, 26.174262734301784 ], [ 31.90800122979147, 26.174270719506932 ], [ 31.907990175982391, 26.174282954376253 ] ], [ [ 31.907978887207715, 26.174273604097543 ], [ 31.907972463237218, 26.174268283242657 ], [ 31.907983517047082, 26.17425604837657 ], [ 31.907989941017298, 26.174261369230287 ], [ 31.907978887207715, 26.174273604097543 ] ], [ [ 31.907970815159857, 26.174266918170765 ], [ 31.907962458197691, 26.174259996252886 ], [ 31.907973660354994, 26.174247884261685 ], [ 31.907981868969802, 26.174254683304977 ], [ 31.907970815159857, 26.174266918170765 ] ], [ [ 31.907956954951526, 26.174275762784202 ], [ 31.907950529166285, 26.174270440423321 ], [ 31.907958849667928, 26.174259521916362 ], [ 31.907966653838887, 26.174265985968127 ], [ 31.907956954951526, 26.174275762784202 ] ], [ [ 31.907948749183358, 26.174268966095717 ], [ 31.907941471467499, 26.174262938094511 ], [ 31.907950836146494, 26.174252884461723 ], [ 31.907957069685121, 26.174258047588992 ], [ 31.907948749183358, 26.174268966095717 ] ], [ [ 31.907960653010722, 26.174258501049522 ], [ 31.907955395629735, 26.174254146456434 ], [ 31.907966597787329, 26.174242034466527 ], [ 31.9079718551681, 26.174246389058666 ], [ 31.907960653010722, 26.174258501049522 ] ], [ [ 31.907953661517553, 26.174252710122698 ], [ 31.907945650534291, 26.174246074769091 ], [ 31.907956852692255, 26.174233962780981 ], [ 31.907964863675211, 26.174240598133128 ], [ 31.907953661517553, 26.174252710122698 ] ], [ [ 31.907939781634912, 26.174261538436351 ], [ 31.907934132740543, 26.174256859557431 ], [ 31.907942779559733, 26.174246211335095 ], [ 31.907949146313943, 26.174251484803811 ], [ 31.907939781634912, 26.174261538436351 ] ], [ [ 31.90793257638602, 26.174255570456463 ], [ 31.907925806822981, 26.174249963346185 ], [ 31.907934553330065, 26.174239397694461 ], [ 31.907941223205267, 26.17424492223434 ], [ 31.90793257638602, 26.174255570456463 ] ], [ [ 31.907923920007228, 26.174248400529585 ], [ 31.907912842694348, 26.17423922538244 ], [ 31.907922876051842, 26.17422972560815 ], [ 31.907932666514402, 26.17423783487812 ], [ 31.907923920007228, 26.174248400529585 ] ], [ [ 31.907944046127451, 26.17424474586749 ], [ 31.907938039986181, 26.17423977108713 ], [ 31.907948544760078, 26.174227081469333 ], [ 31.907955248285482, 26.174232633879683 ], [ 31.907944046127451, 26.17424474586749 ] ], [ [ 31.90793643114295, 26.174238438510638 ], [ 31.907931444918145, 26.17423430850803 ], [ 31.90793669151817, 26.17422924483057 ], [ 31.907940869569416, 26.174233076955204 ], [ 31.90793643114295, 26.174238438510638 ] ], [ [ 31.907941466273215, 26.174232356145517 ], [ 31.90793736520591, 26.174228594630858 ], [ 31.907943372166457, 26.174222797101585 ], [ 31.907946935916943, 26.174225748893104 ], [ 31.907941466273215, 26.174232356145517 ] ], [ [ 31.907929988094878, 26.174233101846731 ], [ 31.907924292614627, 26.174228384379216 ], [ 31.907937586346065, 26.174215797615094 ], [ 31.907941478030278, 26.17421946859211 ], [ 31.907940511432521, 26.174220427605992 ], [ 31.907941915343226, 26.174221590440563 ], [ 31.907929988094878, 26.174233101846731 ] ], [ [ 31.907911142202298, 26.174237816893932 ], [ 31.907901020841628, 26.174229433542148 ], [ 31.907910570284567, 26.174219532951302 ], [ 31.907921175559821, 26.174228317119908 ], [ 31.907911142202298, 26.174237816893932 ] ], [ [ 31.907922592122613, 26.174226975891028 ], [ 31.907911918525709, 26.174218135132961 ], [ 31.907925327039244, 26.174204233561259 ], [ 31.907935989321814, 26.174214291161988 ], [ 31.907922592122613, 26.174226975891028 ] ], [ [ 31.907942325607202, 26.174218627665162 ], [ 31.907936052658084, 26.174212620526077 ], [ 31.907942574301448, 26.174205747311582 ], [ 31.907949320848999, 26.174211687306382 ], [ 31.907942325607202, 26.174218627665162 ] ], [ [ 31.907935079656994, 26.174211688754838 ], [ 31.907926271769828, 26.174203254090777 ], [ 31.907932457980241, 26.174196840398498 ], [ 31.90794156247992, 26.174204856453631 ], [ 31.907935079656994, 26.174211688754838 ] ], [ [ 31.907950330658782, 26.174210685419183 ], [ 31.907943551873128, 26.174204717040439 ], [ 31.907951268874335, 26.174196584026003 ], [ 31.907958023757775, 26.174203052676237 ], [ 31.907950330658782, 26.174210685419183 ] ], [ [ 31.907942540051632, 26.174203826182527 ], [ 31.907933444289291, 26.174195817820348 ], [ 31.907941618723257, 26.174187342790372 ], [ 31.907950295873292, 26.174195652255015 ], [ 31.907942540051632, 26.174203826182527 ] ], [ [ 31.907959712330744, 26.174201377350663 ], [ 31.907952905607999, 26.174194859057945 ], [ 31.90796085075479, 26.174186485596135 ], [ 31.907967909119613, 26.174193244866835 ], [ 31.907959712330744, 26.174201377350663 ] ], [ [ 31.907951932606927, 26.174193927286996 ], [ 31.907943269519659, 26.174185631289443 ], [ 31.907951282930899, 26.174177323200588 ], [ 31.907959877753772, 26.174185553825289 ], [ 31.907951932606927, 26.174193927286996 ] ], [ [ 31.907969467461118, 26.174191698750533 ], [ 31.907962361255084, 26.174184893665991 ], [ 31.907968443106341, 26.174178483946243 ], [ 31.907975500523776, 26.174185713016396 ], [ 31.907969467461118, 26.174191698750533 ] ], [ [ 31.907961388254034, 26.174183961895203 ], [ 31.907952806409352, 26.174175743698921 ], [ 31.907959570941284, 26.174168730412312 ], [ 31.90796809516047, 26.174176893424022 ], [ 31.907961388254034, 26.174183961895203 ] ], [ [ 31.907976301608787, 26.174184918215687 ], [ 31.907969220387265, 26.174177664762556 ], [ 31.907979490503507, 26.17416684098788 ], [ 31.907986886245844, 26.174174416610345 ], [ 31.907976301608787, 26.174184918215687 ] ], [ [ 31.907969363080213, 26.174175557151408 ], [ 31.907960849754957, 26.174167404572188 ], [ 31.907969474513731, 26.174158462649149 ], [ 31.907977914366619, 26.174166544868186 ], [ 31.907969363080213, 26.174175557151408 ] ], [ [ 31.90797919863401, 26.174165191366157 ], [ 31.907970769815506, 26.174157119714113 ], [ 31.907978530031816, 26.174149074123289 ], [ 31.907987138055624, 26.174156823930339 ], [ 31.90797919863401, 26.174165191366157 ] ], [ [ 31.907987591487995, 26.174173716900363 ], [ 31.907980174789497, 26.174166119812128 ], [ 31.907988139598778, 26.174157725619853 ], [ 31.907996302256237, 26.174165074461097 ], [ 31.907987591487995, 26.174173716900363 ] ], [ [ 31.907997931581647, 26.17416345791619 ], [ 31.907989717436429, 26.174156062720701 ], [ 31.908000473234978, 26.174144727072537 ], [ 31.908009038361822, 26.174152438255454 ], [ 31.907997931581647, 26.17416345791619 ] ], [ [ 31.907988715893268, 26.174155161031191 ], [ 31.907980121827404, 26.174147423790696 ], [ 31.907990972774428, 26.174136173806279 ], [ 31.907999471691852, 26.174143825383243 ], [ 31.907988715893268, 26.174155161031191 ] ], [ [ 31.908043518341309, 26.17411841624379 ], [ 31.908036399044533, 26.174112636552653 ], [ 31.908044411552975, 26.174103749902986 ], [ 31.908051957691118, 26.174110177938751 ], [ 31.908043518341309, 26.17411841624379 ] ], [ [ 31.90805326407737, 26.174108902673439 ], [ 31.908045629387185, 26.174102399206401 ], [ 31.908052741982157, 26.174094510645659 ], [ 31.908060801072313, 26.174101545224769 ], [ 31.90805326407737, 26.174108902673439 ] ], [ [ 31.908044338955516, 26.174101299976339 ], [ 31.908036662567778, 26.174094760988112 ], [ 31.908044188274634, 26.174087044325354 ], [ 31.90805146525198, 26.174093396219522 ], [ 31.908044338955516, 26.174101299976339 ] ], [ [ 31.908035081744043, 26.17411156712247 ], [ 31.908026816377706, 26.174104857010533 ], [ 31.908035390418057, 26.174096065416908 ], [ 31.908043121121288, 26.174102650672879 ], [ 31.908035081744043, 26.17411156712247 ] ], [ [ 31.908047625891431, 26.174305499214459 ], [ 31.908045311534323, 26.174303880483187 ], [ 31.908052022680859, 26.174294469891183 ], [ 31.908031282142936, 26.174275447173951 ], [ 31.908034403320706, 26.174272780017834 ], [ 31.908020273719053, 26.174261012916023 ], [ 31.908015387542413, 26.174266082952862 ], [ 31.90796325711095, 26.174219361571616 ], [ 31.908066516843665, 26.174116195179675 ], [ 31.908091467498597, 26.174135376482738 ], [ 31.90808324101058, 26.174143544167762 ], [ 31.908089655425236, 26.174149081985096 ], [ 31.908097256676321, 26.174141138000806 ], [ 31.908120253114117, 26.174160013371608 ], [ 31.908039719272729, 26.17424418433454 ], [ 31.908052121933835, 26.174255866251258 ], [ 31.908054165697454, 26.174253199968756 ], [ 31.908081052486377, 26.17427506635801 ], [ 31.908047625891431, 26.174305499214459 ] ], [ [ 31.908065793888021, 26.174259490257718 ], [ 31.90805571937755, 26.174251616952684 ], [ 31.908064618047813, 26.174242550259432 ], [ 31.90807417082457, 26.174251036474114 ], [ 31.908065793888021, 26.174259490257718 ] ], [ [ 31.908080712796632, 26.17427114949135 ], [ 31.908067347219358, 26.174260704197525 ], [ 31.908075636693024, 26.174252338678926 ], [ 31.908088302816886, 26.174263590632556 ], [ 31.908080712796632, 26.17427114949135 ] ], [ [ 31.908090001344089, 26.174261899078548 ], [ 31.908077323333391, 26.174250636565578 ], [ 31.908084777248643, 26.174243114268041 ], [ 31.908097507791787, 26.174254423446829 ], [ 31.908090001344089, 26.174261899078548 ] ], [ [ 31.908075857464951, 26.174249334360784 ], [ 31.908066296102739, 26.174240840519481 ], [ 31.908073712075616, 26.17423328451703 ], [ 31.908083311380224, 26.17424181206345 ], [ 31.908075857464951, 26.174249334360784 ] ], [ [ 31.908099193343688, 26.174252744814311 ], [ 31.908086451004532, 26.174241425156847 ], [ 31.908094334240467, 26.174233469597514 ], [ 31.908107132137793, 26.174244838608576 ], [ 31.908099193343688, 26.174252744814311 ] ], [ [ 31.908108738572587, 26.174243238767851 ], [ 31.908095929432921, 26.174231859769986 ], [ 31.908103964252952, 26.174223751233168 ], [ 31.90811702260093, 26.174234988742278 ], [ 31.908108738572587, 26.174243238767851 ] ], [ [ 31.908084985136121, 26.174240122952273 ], [ 31.90807537731164, 26.174231587837511 ], [ 31.908083220419851, 26.174223596631954 ], [ 31.908092868372062, 26.174232167393136 ], [ 31.908084985136121, 26.174240122952273 ] ], [ [ 31.90809446356451, 26.174230557565636 ], [ 31.90808480749234, 26.174221979591341 ], [ 31.908092636365229, 26.174214002887318 ], [ 31.908102476598494, 26.174222471014993 ], [ 31.90809446356451, 26.174230557565636 ] ], [ [ 31.908104105396859, 26.174220827272723 ], [ 31.908094256750012, 26.174212351904853 ], [ 31.908100537422371, 26.174205952633827 ], [ 31.908110418680643, 26.174214456064945 ], [ 31.908104105396859, 26.174220827272723 ] ], [ [ 31.908118663050285, 26.174233355026061 ], [ 31.908105593051314, 26.174222107490856 ], [ 31.908111906335073, 26.174215736282953 ], [ 31.90812502149376, 26.174227022679641 ], [ 31.908118663050285, 26.174233355026061 ] ], [ [ 31.908126541389151, 26.174225509022186 ], [ 31.908113415435661, 26.174214213336171 ], [ 31.90811926209668, 26.174208313030697 ], [ 31.908132429872083, 26.174219644705936 ], [ 31.908126541389151, 26.174225509022186 ] ], [ [ 31.908111927781238, 26.174212933118245 ], [ 31.908102038727669, 26.174204422979003 ], [ 31.908114712273978, 26.174191510111743 ], [ 31.908124667132995, 26.174200076878812 ], [ 31.908111927781238, 26.174212933118245 ] ], [ [ 31.908134170442548, 26.174217911278632 ], [ 31.90812099030504, 26.174206568965417 ], [ 31.908126154787393, 26.17420135709645 ], [ 31.908139371867094, 26.174212731199692 ], [ 31.908134170442548, 26.174217911278632 ] ], [ [ 31.908141044382244, 26.174211065548011 ], [ 31.908127815423782, 26.174199681222721 ], [ 31.908134488077259, 26.174192947342689 ], [ 31.908147764766078, 26.17420437274161 ], [ 31.908141044382244, 26.174211065548011 ] ], [ [ 31.908149562753518, 26.174202582132033 ], [ 31.908136273294804, 26.174191145744196 ], [ 31.908141397096383, 26.174185974926548 ], [ 31.908154145971732, 26.174198017720062 ], [ 31.908149562753518, 26.174202582132033 ] ], [ [ 31.908126327769409, 26.174198401005111 ], [ 31.908116364332329, 26.174189826856342 ], [ 31.908130369060952, 26.174175557662014 ], [ 31.908139973443411, 26.174184630120649 ], [ 31.908126327769409, 26.174198401005111 ] ], [ [ 31.908141477974066, 26.174183111784266 ], [ 31.908131866152587, 26.174174032298872 ], [ 31.908141958668526, 26.17416374919075 ], [ 31.90815249930051, 26.174171989322609 ], [ 31.908141477974066, 26.174183111784266 ] ], [ [ 31.908155660798347, 26.174196509109102 ], [ 31.908142901627023, 26.17418445659014 ], [ 31.908147942959804, 26.174179368996882 ], [ 31.908161315893192, 26.174190877217498 ], [ 31.908155660798347, 26.174196509109102 ] ], [ [ 31.908163128339769, 26.174189072207259 ], [ 31.908149742533812, 26.174177552909352 ], [ 31.908154052420652, 26.174173203473 ], [ 31.908168063879902, 26.17418415691678 ], [ 31.908163128339769, 26.174189072207259 ] ], [ [ 31.908173227735229, 26.174179014246945 ], [ 31.908160560206046, 26.174169111420174 ], [ 31.908170112790984, 26.174160387354998 ], [ 31.908181617528001, 26.174170658872619 ], [ 31.908173227735229, 26.174179014246945 ] ], [ [ 31.908182267213785, 26.174170011852038 ], [ 31.908177191449784, 26.174165480171489 ], [ 31.908181391679623, 26.174161134769744 ], [ 31.908186807513694, 26.174165490177245 ], [ 31.908182267213785, 26.174170011852038 ] ], [ [ 31.908176215758552, 26.174164609066871 ], [ 31.908170792200572, 26.174159766872201 ], [ 31.908174958914735, 26.174155961546681 ], [ 31.908180368970484, 26.174160312308175 ], [ 31.908176215758552, 26.174164609066871 ] ], [ [ 31.90816998146763, 26.174159043043474 ], [ 31.908166005018209, 26.17415549283789 ], [ 31.908169666181529, 26.174151705135117 ], [ 31.908174106353943, 26.17415527591805 ], [ 31.90816998146763, 26.174159043043474 ] ], [ [ 31.908165029327229, 26.174154621733212 ], [ 31.908160817115643, 26.174150861036708 ], [ 31.908164174316155, 26.174147288580844 ], [ 31.908168643472681, 26.174150882673441 ], [ 31.908165029327229, 26.174154621733212 ] ], [ [ 31.908169302058045, 26.174159663526261 ], [ 31.90815969635317, 26.174168436104019 ], [ 31.908150821147263, 26.174161497919101 ], [ 31.908160190078473, 26.174151528277878 ], [ 31.908169302058045, 26.174159663526261 ] ], [ [ 31.908148821707528, 26.174159934858473 ], [ 31.908147056599582, 26.174158554986462 ], [ 31.908145743093645, 26.174159893297738 ], [ 31.90813795172954, 26.174153631445492 ], [ 31.908149172265308, 26.174141691482721 ], [ 31.908158304110547, 26.1741498444703 ], [ 31.908148821707528, 26.174159934858473 ] ], [ [ 31.908158931147717, 26.174149177229129 ], [ 31.908155239174086, 26.174145881004581 ], [ 31.908158381538602, 26.174142630032371 ], [ 31.908162198902414, 26.17414569995432 ], [ 31.908158931147717, 26.174149177229129 ] ], [ [ 31.908154263483379, 26.174145009899817 ], [ 31.908149799302503, 26.174141024241628 ], [ 31.908152633960857, 26.174138007832685 ], [ 31.908157358829989, 26.174141807570585 ], [ 31.908154263483379, 26.174145009899817 ] ], [ [ 31.908136163997192, 26.174152194660159 ], [ 31.908126534928943, 26.174144455858304 ], [ 31.908140584364588, 26.174128317549432 ], [ 31.908150846715042, 26.174136570530134 ], [ 31.908136163997192, 26.174152194660159 ] ], [ [ 31.908124778398602, 26.17414304414925 ], [ 31.908112855100697, 26.174133461490207 ], [ 31.908128149765503, 26.174118317643011 ], [ 31.908138828291623, 26.174126905315536 ], [ 31.908124778398602, 26.17414304414925 ] ], [ [ 31.908111105087134, 26.174132055018013 ], [ 31.908100719794756, 26.174123708438177 ], [ 31.908116017898212, 26.174108561189652 ], [ 31.908126400247834, 26.174116910680304 ], [ 31.908111105087134, 26.174132055018013 ] ], [ [ 31.908098596993966, 26.174122002359123 ], [ 31.908087791018062, 26.17411331767558 ], [ 31.908103092785041, 26.174098166803308 ], [ 31.908113895698968, 26.174106854515596 ], [ 31.908098596993966, 26.174122002359123 ] ] ] ]
I-Mobs(s) associée(s) --> 1:
Nom Type Commune Commune d'annexion Auteur
Tombes Oumm el-Qa'ab - U - Sémerkhet Sépulture / Sépulture Oumm el-Qa'ab gregoss24
Route(s) associée(s) --> 0:
Personnage(s) associè(s) --> 1:
Personnage Titre Naissance Décès Auteur
Roi Egyptien Dynastie 01-06 - Sémerkhet - NC 0 / 0 / -3000 0 / 0 / -2965 gregoss24
Événement(s) associée(s) --> 0:
Style(s) Architectural(s) associée(s) --> 0:
Forum :
Publié : Oui
Date de Création : 25 février 2025 21:50
Date de Modification : 14 mai 2025 22:45
Nombre de Vues : 25
Potentielles erreurs : La date de l'élément n'est pas connue
Cet élément ne dispose pas d'informations
Cet élément ne dispose pas de référence